Face and body Aesthetic&Plastic Surgery treatments, nonsurgical procedures. Istanbul/Turkey

M.D. , Aesthetic, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon. 

Gazi University Medical School 1992-1999.

Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Aesthetic, Plastic and Reconstructivw Surgery Clinic 2000-2005

Op.Dr. Erdem Aksoy

Op.Dr. Erdem Aksoy-Aesthetic Surgery

Aesthetic plastic surgeon

Member of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons

Chair and Coordinator of the Brand Management Board of Turkish Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons

A series of small injections of a purified neurotoxin that temporarily blocks nerve impulses to muscles or other tissues, causing the muscles to relax.  When muscles relax, the overlying skin moves less, effectively reducing wrinkles.  Botulinum toxin injections can be strategically placed for various other indications, including rejuvenation of the upper and lower face, reducing sweating, and medical conditions such as migraine. The effects usually wear off after a few months.

Botulinum toxin injections

The most commonly used fillers today are non-permanent and consist of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring molecule found in skin, joints and in the eyes.  Several brands of hyaluronic acid filler are available.  They all comprise a clear, soft, sterile gel that is injected into the skin or beneath the skin to soften lines, contour facial features, or add volume.  Fillers may be injected under local anaesthesia, and results can last about 6-18 months.

Fillers

The brow is lifted by placing an incision at the brow hair itself.  This incision may be placed in an existing line or wrinkle to hide it as much as possible.  Some skin is removed and the incision is closed with stitches, lifting the brow to an elevated position.

Direct brow lift

The brow may be lifted or elevated using threads to make the eyes appear more youthful or to improve the aesthetics of the eyebrow shape. The most commonly used threads are filaments made of a dissolvable material, such as PDO, which are inserted into or under the skin under local anaesthesia. Some threads have cogs or cones to grasp the tissue, and they may be anchored to the deeper layers higher at or behind the hairline.

Brow lift with threads

This surgical procedure helps make the eyes appear more youthful by removing excess skin, muscle and fat between the eyelids and brows. A small incision is made in the crease of the eyelid either under local or general anaesthesia. Fine stitches are used to close the incision and these are usually removed 5-7 days after surgery. Upper blepharoplasty rectifies the hooding that occurs with aging in some people.

Upper blepharoplasty

This procedure helps improve under-eye bulges or bags as well as loose skin. The incision used is either just under the eyelashes in the skin (transcutaneous) or on the inside of the lower eyelid (transconjunctival). Variations in lower blepharoplasty include trimming away excess bulging fat, repositioning this fat to reduce under-eye hollows, and supporting the outer lower eyelid with fine stitches to prevent it from sagging and improve the shape of the lower eyelid.

Lower blepharoplasty

Fat is taken from one part of the body, such as the inner knee or lower tummy, using a mini-liposuction procedure, and injected into the face to add volume, contour, or define certain features.  The procedure requires careful technique to ensure as much of the fat as possible survives. The fat cells are injected using special blunt instruments called cannulas.  Fat grafting can provide a lasting effect in facial rejuvenation either performed on its own or in conjunction with other procedures.

Fat grafting

These soft, flexible implants consist of medical-grade biocompatible silicone that can be implanted into human tissues.  Implants come in various shapes and sizes to enhance or augment features including the chin, cheeks, and lips.  An incision is made and the implant is placed using sterile technique. Silicone implants are permanent and do not dissolve, but can be removed or replaced.

Silicone implant

Surgical correction or reshaping of the nose performed as an open or closed procedure, depending on the aims of surgery. Open rhinoplasty requires more extensive incisions to display the structures under the skin. Sometimes cartilage grafts are used to reshape the nose. Rhinoplasty can be performed to make the nose straighter, more defined, reshape the tip, reduce nostril size and refine other nasal features. Rhinoplasty and septorhinoplasty are also performed to improve breathing.

Rhinoplasty

An incision is made immediately under the nose to hide the scar, and a variable amount of skin is removed. When the incision is closed with stitches, the lip elevates, resulting in a more youthful or rejuvenated appearance. The surgical lip lift can also evert the upper lip, making it appear fuller. Stitches are removed after approximately one week. Variations in the shape of the incision are designed to lift the lip in different ways, such as defining the cupid’s bow.

Surgical Lip lift

This fat gives fullness to the lower face, between the jowls and the cheeks.  Partial removal of the buccal fat is performed to reduce a full lower face, or “chipmunk cheeks”.  Buccal fat removal is usually done through a small incision on the inside of the mouth where the fat is gently retrieved.  It may be performed under local anaesthesia or as part of other surgical procedures.

Buccal fat removal / Bichectomy

A lift of the middle part of the face including the cheeks, nose-to-mouth folds and mouth corners. This may be performed through incisions placed behind the hairline near the temple, in the lower eyelid, and in the mouth. Special stitches may be used to lift and suspend the tissues of the midface to improve the shape of the face, reduce sagging, and lift the cheeks.

Midface lift

This surgical procedure has been used for many years to improve sagging of the face due to aging. A traditional facelift incision is usually made in front of the ear, along the hairline, and inside the hairline. There are various types of facelift procedures. Drains and bandages may be placed to ensure optimum recovery after surgery. A neck lift is frequently performed at the same time.

Face lift

A short scar facelift is a surgical procedure that lifts the face through an incision that may be shorter than a traditional face lift incision.  The incision is usually placed in front of the ear.  Different techniques can describe a short scar facelift.

Short scar facelift

The Minimal Access Cranial Suspension (MACS) lift is a surgical procedure that lifts the face through an incision along the hairline and in front of the ear.  The tissues under the skin are lifted using stitches that are anchored.  Some skin is removed near the hairline. The MACS lift may be considered less invasive than some forms of traditional facelift.

MACS lift

A surgical neck lift usually involves tightening the muscles to remove the sagging and improve the angle under the chin, as well as lifting and trimming excess skin. This is commonly performed together with a face lift. The incisions and scars vary, but can be behind the ear and into the hairline and a smaller incision under the chin to access the muscles. A neck lift is a definitive surgical rejuvenation that requires healing and recovery.

Neck lift

Various threads are used to lift different parts of the face, or even body. These can be dissolvable or permanent materials, and have different appearances. Some are smooth, some have tiny hooks or barbs, others have cones. A thread lift is usually performed under local anaesthesia as a minimally invasive treatment. The threads may be anchored or ‘free-floating’. Some thread lifts require small incisions whereas others are inserted through punctures without making incisions.

Thread lift

Liposuction is used to contour the body by removing fat that lies under the skin through special suction tubes called cannulas. Liposuction can be performed under local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia. Almost all parts of the body can be treated with liposuction. Various forms of liposuction exist, including those that use suction alone, or those that use energy to assist the procedure, such as laser, ultrasound, or vibration.

Liposuction

A peeling treatment that uses lasers, such as carbon dioxide and erbium lasers, to remove the outer skin layers precisely. The type of laser and settings used determine how the skin peels and heals. Laser skin resurfacing is used to reduce sun damage, pigmentation, and fine wrinkles. The treatment usually requires some form of anaesthesia and special skin care during the healing period after the treatment.

Laser skin resurfacing

A skin resurfacing or peeling treatment that uses chemicals, usually special acids, to remove the top layer of skin. A chemical peel is indicated to treat pigmentation, sun damage, acne, or fine wrinkles. The depth of peel, results, and recovery period depend on which chemical is used during the peel. Chemical peels can be superficial, medium depth, or deep peels. Peeling agents include salicylic acid, azelaic acid, glycolic acid and trichloroacetic acid (TCA).

Chemical peel

Lasers are powerful devices that emit light at certain wavelengths in order to have an effect on tissues in the skin or body. Ablative lasers vaporise or peel skin. Non-ablative lasers usually heat skin without peeling. Lasers can heat collagen effectively, causing improvement in texture, tightness and pores. Lasers can be used to rejuvenate by treating blood vessels, removing hair, stimulating biological processes or peeling the outer, unwanted layers of skin or tissue.

Laser rejuvenation

Microneedling is a treatment where numerous tiny needles penetrate the skin to stimulate collagen, resulting in tighter skin with fewer lines and improved texture. The needles are small, usually up to three millimetres in length, and arranged on a device such as a stamping tool, pen, or roller. Local anaesthesia may be used to numb the skin before microneedling is performed. The skin can appear pink after the treatment, which may be repeated several times for best results.

Microneedling

This treatment uses tiny needles to penetrate the skin and deliver heat at the same time.  Radiofrequency energy passes through the needles in order to provide heat, either through the whole needle or just the tip. Radiofrequency needling is designed to stimulate collagen and tighten tissues more than needling alone.  The treatment is usually performed using local anaesthesia.

Radiofequency needling

A non-ablative laser is a laser that does not peel away the outer layers of skin during treatment. The wavelength of non-ablative lasers does its job by heating specific targets in the skin or tissues, such as collagen, blood vessels, or hair follicles,  without vaporising the skins surface to any significant degree.  Non-ablative lasers usually do not have the recovery and downtime associated with ablative lasers.

Non-ablative laser

A treatment used to tighten and lift areas of the face or neck non-invasively using a device that delivers sound waves through the skin.  The sound waves focus precisely, generating heat in tiny zones at different depths.  The heat creates tiny injuries that result in collagen stimulation, providing a tissue tightening effect.  There is usually minimal or no downtime and a single treatment is used to produce results that improve during the months following treatment.

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)

Definitive removal of something from the body through an incision and dissection, either under local or general anaesthesia. 

Surgical removal

Lasers use a specific wavelength of light to exhibit their effects. The wavelength determines the target for that specific laser. Most lasers are designed to heat and destroy a specific target and leave surrounding tissue untouched and undamaged. Lasers can peel skin, remove hair, rejuvenate skin, treat vascular conditions and remove pigmentation and tattoos. Various safety protocols are required when lasers are used, such as eye protection with goggles or eye shields.

Laser

This is a blood product that is prepared by spinning a whole blood sample in a centrifuge in a special syringe. The blood separates into different components, including plasma rich in platelets, cell fragments that release growth factors. The gold-coloured platelet-rich plasma is used to rejuvenate tissues such as skin or hair, usually by injecting it in small droplets.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)

Also known as abdominoplasty, a tummy tuck is a surgical method to flatten the tummy and reduce loose skin by tightening tummy muscles and trimming away excess skin and fat in the lower abdomen. The incision and scar usually runs from one hip to the other hip, allowing the overhang or sagging skin to be removed. Usually the surgery is performed under general anaesthesia. You may have drains after surgery and a compression garment to wear for a few weeks.

Tummy tuck

Removing excess skin and fat in the lower tummy and using an incision that is shorter than a traditional tummy tuck or abdominoplasty. The scar after a mini tummy tuck does not run all the way from one hip to the other.  The tummy muscles may or may not be tightened during a mini tummy tuck.  You may have drains after surgery and a compression garment to wear for a few weeks.

Mini tummy tuck

Increasing the size of the breasts with surgery, usually using silicone or saline implants.  Various implant sizes and shapes can be chosen depending on the desired effect.  Common techniques for placing the implants include an incision in or near the breast crease below the breasts, or around the nipples. The procedure is usually performed under general anaesthesia. An assessment before breast augmentation is used to decide which implant should be chosen and where exactly it should be placed.

Breast augmentation

Fat is taken (harvested) from different parts of the body, such as the thighs or tummy, using liposuction and injected into the breast area. Breast fat grafting is used to add volume to the breasts, correct symmetry, or during breast reconstruction. Once fat is collected, it is usually treated to clean and purify it. The fat is prepared in syringes and injected carefully above and below the breast gland using a special technique in order to help the fat cells survive in their new position.

Breast fat grafting

A surgical procedure that improves the appearance of sagging breasts by elevating them to a higher position. Although different techniques exist, a common method involves an incision around the nipple area, downwards, and underneath the breast. Sometimes the incision is restricted to around the nipple in less extensive lifts. A breast lift can be performed as part of breast augmentation or breast reduction. Breast lift surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia.

Breast lift

Surgery to reduce the volume and size of the breasts.  Breast reduction is performed under general anaesthesia and requires incisions and the removal of tissue.  It may be performed for aesthetic or functional reasons.  During breast reduction surgery, a lift is frequently performed, so the volume and position of the breasts improves.  Drains may be placed following breast reduction for a few days.

Breast reduction

The size of the nipples or pink part around the nipples (areolae) is reduced with nippled reduction surgery. A sizer is often used to measure the target circumference of the nipple areola complex (NAC). Then the excess, unwanted areola is removed using an incision. Fine stitches are used to close the skin so the scar heals well and becomes difficult to notice over time.

Nipple reduction

Surgical removal of excess, sagging skin in the upper arm. Usually, an incision is made from the armpit area, along the inside of the arm, to the inner elbow. An arm lift is usually performed under general anaesthesia and requires a compression garment to be worn afterwards for a number of weeks. The scar is placed on the inside of the arm so it is less noticeable. An arm lift is sometimes required if skin tightening treatments or liposuction are not considered appropriate due to excessive skin laxity.

Arm lift / brachiaplasty

Surgery to reduce sagging skin and laxity in the inner thighs. Typically performed under general anaesthesia, a thigh lift provides a definitive tightening in the upper and inner thigh areas, particularly in cases where non-surgical options would not be effective enough. Incisions may be made in the groin area and along the inner thigh. A compression garment may be recommended for a period of time during the recovery.

Thigh lift

Surgical reconstruction of the belly button to make it appear more beautiful. It may be performed on its own or as part of a tummy tuck. The position, shape, or depth of the belly button may be modified during an umbilicoplasty.

Umbilicoplasty

Surgery to remove a previously placed implant, such as a silicone implant.  This may occur in order to change the size, or simply to remove the implant out of choice or for medical reasons. An implant may be removed if there is an infection, it is not in the correct position, or if an abnormally thickened capsule forms around the implant causing hardening, distortion or pain.

Implant removal

Increasing the volume and enhancing the shape and contours of the buttocks using your own fat. Fat is collected (harvested) using liposuction from areas such as the tummy, back, or thighs. The fat is usually prepared in order to purify or clean it, before injecting it carefully into the buttock area using special techniques and instruments called cannulas.

Buttock fat grafting

Follicles are taken, usually from the back of the head, individually using a special instrument and transplanted one by one to the recipient area under local anaesthesia.  During the follicular unit extraction (FUE) procedure thousands of follicles can be transplanted in this way during a delicate procedure that includes designing the recipient area or hairline, preparing the grafts under a microscope, and placing the grafts into their new home in a certain density and direction.

Hair transplantation FUE

The peeling away of the outer layer of dead skin cells on the skin’s outermost layer. Most microdermabrasion devices use tiny particles, diamond-tipped grits, or patented tips to gently blast or scrape away the epidermal cells. Microdermabrasion is designed to give an instant smoothing effect, although a course of several treatments is often recommended to give better results over time. The skin may be pink after treatment but this usually resolves quickly.

Microdermabrasion

Surgical trimming of the labia, usually the labia minora (inner lips close to the vagina).  Various techniques exist depending on the anatomy and surgeon's experience, including trimming excess tissue around the clitoris.  The labia majors (outer lips) can also be reduced if there is too much skin when filling this area is not appropriate. A labiaplasty for cosmetic reasons is designed to provide a neater appearance.  It may also be performed for functional reasons, usually to reduce discomfort.

Labiaplasty

The outer layer of skin is removed by sanding it down using a rotating rough tip on a powered device called a dermabrader.  This is performed under general or local anaesthesia. Dermabrasion improves skin texture, wrinkles and scars by removing the top layers. There is redness and swelling after the treatment for a period of time.

Dermabrasion

Surgical remodelling of the soft tissues or cartilage of the ear to improve shape, symmetry, or projection.  Various otoplasty techniques have been described to treat congenital conditions, or changes that have occurred over time or with trauma.  A head bandage is usually required after otoplasty surgery.

Ear surgery/otoplasty

A method of hair removal or epilation originating in Asia that uses a cotton or polyester thread to pull fine hairs out of the hair follicles.  Due to the precise nature of threading, it is used for hair removal and shaping of the eyebrows and to remove fine hairs from the face.  Hairs typically grow back after a few weeks.  

Threading

Surgery designed to flatten and improve the contours of the male chest due to excessive tissue. There may be excessive gland and fat beneath the skin. The gland can be removed surgically through an incision around the nipples. Since gynaecomastia is often a mixed picture of fat and gland, liposuction is frequently performed to improve results. Gynaecomastia surgery can be performed under local or general anaesthesia. A compression garment is applied after the procedure.