British Medical Association award for public education about a skin disease

Cranley Clinic is dedicated to providing the highest level of care in all aspects of dermatology, skin health and cosmetic treatment.

Founded by Dr Nick Lowe in 1994, we were pioneers and world leaders in the use of injectible anti-wrinkle treatment. We recognise that everyone has different skin types, dermatological problems and aesthetic issues, so have been progressively enhancing the treatments available at the clinic to get you looking and feeling your best.

We continue to innovate and lead the way. With unrivalled expertise, a range of aesthetic solutions that now includes non-invasive treatments, surgical procedures and regenerative medicine, and a state of the art clinic that even includes our own dedicated surgical suite, we are able to offer the ideal programme to address your individual concerns.

MB, CHB, MD, FRCP, FACP

University of Liverpool

Dr Lowe is an internationally-renowned Consultant and Professor of Dermatology, with over 30 years experience at the cutting edge of new treatments, technology and research. He is a pioneer in botulinum toxin research and studies into skin problems and ageing.

He has the unique advantage of having trained in both the UK and America, and is acknowledged as one of the world’s leading experts in dermatology and skincare. He originally graduated from University of Liverpool Medical School in 1968 and has a long-established private practice in London. Dr Lowe is a Clinical Professor of Dermatology at UCLA School of Medicine in Los Angeles, teaching and lecturing in their dermatology programme and was Consultant and Senior Lecturer in Dermatology at UCL School of Medicine in London.

Dr Nick Lowe

Mr Ali Ghanem is a multi-award-winning aesthetic plastic surgeon with a worldwide reputation as one of the leading experts in the innovative new area of aesthetic regenerative medicine. He brings this cutting edge expertise to patients at Cranley Clinic.

After attending medical schools in Syria and the United Kingdom, Mr Ghanem completed his surgical training at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and England. He was then awarded his Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology from University College London, working on molecular regulation of embryonic stem cells differentiation.

Ali Ghanem

Dr Lowe is a Specialist Skin Physician who has directed multiple research studies and published over 25 clinical and research papers in the areas of Botox and Dysport, volume facial fillers and lasers.

Her extensive experience grew out of interest in skincare that began during her childhood in Santa Monica, California, where as a typical teenager playing outdoor tennis several times a week, she saw first-hand the damage the sun can cause. During this time her father, Dr Nick Lowe, was the Professor of Dermatology at UCLA, researching the harmful effects of the sun and ingredients required to create an ideal skin cream.

Dr Philippa Lowe

Dr Shirin is a cosmetic doctor with a broad-based medical background. She graduated from Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospitals in London and then obtained various post-graduate qualifications in minor surgery and aesthetics. She has worked in General Practice as well as in hospital-based roles including general surgery, urology and accident & emergency. She is also a trained anaesthetist.

In addition to consulting on the full range of aesthetic treatments, Dr Shirin has specialist expertise in the increasingly popular area of intimate health for both men and women. As a recognised authority in this field, she appears regularly on television and in the press as well as speaking at medical conferences worldwide. Dr Shirin consults on every aspect of intimate health, including dermatological issues such as Lichen Sclerosis, feminine tightening using the non-surgical Ultra Femme 360 treatment, incontinence, as well as aesthetic rejuvenation and sexual performance enhancement for both men and women

Dr Shirin Lakhani

Dr Ophelia Veraitch is a highly experienced Consultant Dermatologist, consulting on all aspects of Dermatology including all causes for hair loss /alopecia, eczema, acne, rosacea, psoriasis, melasma, vitiligo and skin cancer management. She heads up the Cranley Hair Clinic.

Dr Opehlia Veraitch

Cranley Clinic

Obagi

Skinceuticals

Profhilo

Ellanse

Botox

Belkyra

Maili

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Dermatologist

Aesthetic plastic surgeon

Aesthetician / cosmetologist

Nurse

Doctor / Physician

Dentist

Emsculpt

Thermage

Morpheus8

FaceTite

CoolSculpting

Hydrafacial

Cynosure Elite+ 

Endolift

BodyTite

Intracel

Fraxel

Royal College of Physicians

American Board of Dermatology

Fellow of the British and American College of Physicians

American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery

A series of small injections of a purified neurotoxin that temporarily blocks nerve impulses to muscles or other tissues, causing the muscles to relax.  When muscles relax, the overlying skin moves less, effectively reducing wrinkles.  Botulinum toxin injections can be strategically placed for various other indications, including rejuvenation of the upper and lower face, reducing sweating, and medical conditions such as migraine. The effects usually wear off after a few months.

Botulinum toxin injections

The most commonly used fillers today are non-permanent and consist of hyaluronic acid, a naturally occurring molecule found in skin, joints and in the eyes.  Several brands of hyaluronic acid filler are available.  They all comprise a clear, soft, sterile gel that is injected into the skin or beneath the skin to soften lines, contour facial features, or add volume.  Fillers may be injected under local anaesthesia, and results can last about 6-18 months.

Fillers

The brows are lifted using keyhole surgery.  Small incisions, usually 4-5,  are made behind the hairline and instruments with cameras and lights are used to guide the surgery.  During the endoscopic brow lift procedure the tissues near the brow are released under the skin so the brows can be elevated to the desired position.  The tissues may then be anchored to the bone to maintain the brow lift.

Endoscopic brow lift

The brow is lifted by placing an incision at the brow hair itself.  This incision may be placed in an existing line or wrinkle to hide it as much as possible.  Some skin is removed and the incision is closed with stitches, lifting the brow to an elevated position.

Direct brow lift

The brow may be lifted or elevated using threads to make the eyes appear more youthful or to improve the aesthetics of the eyebrow shape. The most commonly used threads are filaments made of a dissolvable material, such as PDO, which are inserted into or under the skin under local anaesthesia. Some threads have cogs or cones to grasp the tissue, and they may be anchored to the deeper layers higher at or behind the hairline.

Brow lift with threads

This surgical procedure helps make the eyes appear more youthful by removing excess skin, muscle and fat between the eyelids and brows. A small incision is made in the crease of the eyelid either under local or general anaesthesia. Fine stitches are used to close the incision and these are usually removed 5-7 days after surgery. Upper blepharoplasty rectifies the hooding that occurs with aging in some people.

Upper blepharoplasty

This procedure helps improve under-eye bulges or bags as well as loose skin. The incision used is either just under the eyelashes in the skin (transcutaneous) or on the inside of the lower eyelid (transconjunctival). Variations in lower blepharoplasty include trimming away excess bulging fat, repositioning this fat to reduce under-eye hollows, and supporting the outer lower eyelid with fine stitches to prevent it from sagging and improve the shape of the lower eyelid.

Lower blepharoplasty

Fat is taken from one part of the body, such as the inner knee or lower tummy, using a mini-liposuction procedure, and injected into the face to add volume, contour, or define certain features.  The procedure requires careful technique to ensure as much of the fat as possible survives. The fat cells are injected using special blunt instruments called cannulas.  Fat grafting can provide a lasting effect in facial rejuvenation either performed on its own or in conjunction with other procedures.

Fat grafting

These soft, flexible implants consist of medical-grade biocompatible silicone that can be implanted into human tissues.  Implants come in various shapes and sizes to enhance or augment features including the chin, cheeks, and lips.  An incision is made and the implant is placed using sterile technique. Silicone implants are permanent and do not dissolve, but can be removed or replaced.

Silicone implant

Surgical correction or reshaping of the nose performed as an open or closed procedure, depending on the aims of surgery. Open rhinoplasty requires more extensive incisions to display the structures under the skin. Sometimes cartilage grafts are used to reshape the nose. Rhinoplasty can be performed to make the nose straighter, more defined, reshape the tip, reduce nostril size and refine other nasal features. Rhinoplasty and septorhinoplasty are also performed to improve breathing.

Rhinoplasty

In some cases, fillers are injected into the soft tissues to reshape the nose and make it appear straighter or more defined.  The most commonly used fillers for this purpose are non-permanent fillers like hyaluronic acid, a clear, sterile, biocompatible gel substance.  Other non-surgical rhinoplasty techniques use botulinum toxin injections to elevate the tip of the nose.  Some doctors use threads to modify the appearance of the nose.

Non-surgical rhinoplasty

This fat gives fullness to the lower face, between the jowls and the cheeks.  Partial removal of the buccal fat is performed to reduce a full lower face, or “chipmunk cheeks”.  Buccal fat removal is usually done through a small incision on the inside of the mouth where the fat is gently retrieved.  It may be performed under local anaesthesia or as part of other surgical procedures.

Buccal fat removal / Bichectomy

A lift of the middle part of the face including the cheeks, nose-to-mouth folds and mouth corners. This may be performed through incisions placed behind the hairline near the temple, in the lower eyelid, and in the mouth. Special stitches may be used to lift and suspend the tissues of the midface to improve the shape of the face, reduce sagging, and lift the cheeks.

Midface lift

This surgical procedure has been used for many years to improve sagging of the face due to aging. A traditional facelift incision is usually made in front of the ear, along the hairline, and inside the hairline. There are various types of facelift procedures. Drains and bandages may be placed to ensure optimum recovery after surgery. A neck lift is frequently performed at the same time.

Face lift

A short scar facelift is a surgical procedure that lifts the face through an incision that may be shorter than a traditional face lift incision.  The incision is usually placed in front of the ear.  Different techniques can describe a short scar facelift.

Short scar facelift

The Minimal Access Cranial Suspension (MACS) lift is a surgical procedure that lifts the face through an incision along the hairline and in front of the ear.  The tissues under the skin are lifted using stitches that are anchored.  Some skin is removed near the hairline. The MACS lift may be considered less invasive than some forms of traditional facelift.

MACS lift

A deep plane facelift is a surgical facelift procedure involving techniques that pass deeper into the face, underneath the muscular layers.  This differs from facelifts that lift and stitch skin and underlying layers that lie close to the skin.

Deep plane facelift

A surgical neck lift usually involves tightening the muscles to remove the sagging and improve the angle under the chin, as well as lifting and trimming excess skin. This is commonly performed together with a face lift. The incisions and scars vary, but can be behind the ear and into the hairline and a smaller incision under the chin to access the muscles. A neck lift is a definitive surgical rejuvenation that requires healing and recovery.

Neck lift

Various threads are used to lift different parts of the face, or even body. These can be dissolvable or permanent materials, and have different appearances. Some are smooth, some have tiny hooks or barbs, others have cones. A thread lift is usually performed under local anaesthesia as a minimally invasive treatment. The threads may be anchored or ‘free-floating’. Some thread lifts require small incisions whereas others are inserted through punctures without making incisions.

Thread lift

Liposuction is used to contour the body by removing fat that lies under the skin through special suction tubes called cannulas. Liposuction can be performed under local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia. Almost all parts of the body can be treated with liposuction. Various forms of liposuction exist, including those that use suction alone, or those that use energy to assist the procedure, such as laser, ultrasound, or vibration.

Liposuction

A peeling treatment that uses lasers, such as carbon dioxide and erbium lasers, to remove the outer skin layers precisely. The type of laser and settings used determine how the skin peels and heals. Laser skin resurfacing is used to reduce sun damage, pigmentation, and fine wrinkles. The treatment usually requires some form of anaesthesia and special skin care during the healing period after the treatment.

Laser skin resurfacing

A skin resurfacing or peeling treatment that uses chemicals, usually special acids, to remove the top layer of skin. A chemical peel is indicated to treat pigmentation, sun damage, acne, or fine wrinkles. The depth of peel, results, and recovery period depend on which chemical is used during the peel. Chemical peels can be superficial, medium depth, or deep peels. Peeling agents include salicylic acid, azelaic acid, glycolic acid and trichloroacetic acid (TCA).

Chemical peel

Lasers are powerful devices that emit light at certain wavelengths in order to have an effect on tissues in the skin or body. Ablative lasers vaporise or peel skin. Non-ablative lasers usually heat skin without peeling. Lasers can heat collagen effectively, causing improvement in texture, tightness and pores. Lasers can be used to rejuvenate by treating blood vessels, removing hair, stimulating biological processes or peeling the outer, unwanted layers of skin or tissue.

Laser rejuvenation

Microneedling is a treatment where numerous tiny needles penetrate the skin to stimulate collagen, resulting in tighter skin with fewer lines and improved texture. The needles are small, usually up to three millimetres in length, and arranged on a device such as a stamping tool, pen, or roller. Local anaesthesia may be used to numb the skin before microneedling is performed. The skin can appear pink after the treatment, which may be repeated several times for best results.

Microneedling

This treatment uses tiny needles to penetrate the skin and deliver heat at the same time.  Radiofrequency energy passes through the needles in order to provide heat, either through the whole needle or just the tip. Radiofrequency needling is designed to stimulate collagen and tighten tissues more than needling alone.  The treatment is usually performed using local anaesthesia.

Radiofequency needling

A non-ablative laser is a laser that does not peel away the outer layers of skin during treatment. The wavelength of non-ablative lasers does its job by heating specific targets in the skin or tissues, such as collagen, blood vessels, or hair follicles,  without vaporising the skins surface to any significant degree.  Non-ablative lasers usually do not have the recovery and downtime associated with ablative lasers.

Non-ablative laser

Light emitting diode (LED) devices produce light wavelengths that correspond to light in the visible spectrum, such as red and blue. LEDs may be placed over the face, shielded using eye goggles, to treat acne, wrinkles, redness and other conditions.  Blue light is purported to treat acne, whereas red light may be used for collagen stimulation or hair growth.

Cryolipolysis, also known as fat freezing, is a non-invasive body contouring treatment that uses cooling of subcutaneous tissues to cause the fat cells to die. This results in localised reduction of fatty areas in the body. A device is placed on the tissues for a period of time during the treatment. Specific areas only can be treated depending on the applicator used.

Fat freezing

Vascular lasers can treat variety of conditions including dilated or unsightly blood vessels. The lasers employ a specific wavelength of light the targets the blood in blood vessels, heating the vessels and effectively destroying them. Vascular lasers include pulsed-dye lasers and NdYAG lasers.  They can be used for conditions such as leg telangiectasias or “broken veins”.  A number of treatments may be required for optimum results.   

Vascular laser

Definitive removal of something from the body through an incision and dissection, either under local or general anaesthesia. 

Surgical removal

This is used to remove unwanted skin cells by freezing them. The area is sprayed until temperatures are so low that the skin lesion freezes. More than one treatment may be necessary to remove the unwanted cells. Cryotherapy, or therapy that induces very low temperatures in tissues, may also be used to treat unwanted fat. This is called crylipolysis or “fat freezing”.

Cryotherapy

Lasers use a specific wavelength of light to exhibit their effects. The wavelength determines the target for that specific laser. Most lasers are designed to heat and destroy a specific target and leave surrounding tissue untouched and undamaged. Lasers can peel skin, remove hair, rejuvenate skin, treat vascular conditions and remove pigmentation and tattoos. Various safety protocols are required when lasers are used, such as eye protection with goggles or eye shields.

Laser

This is a blood product that is prepared by spinning a whole blood sample in a centrifuge in a special syringe. The blood separates into different components, including plasma rich in platelets, cell fragments that release growth factors. The gold-coloured platelet-rich plasma is used to rejuvenate tissues such as skin or hair, usually by injecting it in small droplets.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)

The device is used to remove the outer layer of skin using plasma. Plasma is a form of matter generated when atoms in gas molecules, such as nitrogen, lose their electrons and become positive ions. Although a plasma device is not a laser, it can have similar applications, such as tightening skin or removing fine lines. Plasma devices may remove the top layer of skin, resulting in a some downtime during healing.

Plasma skin rejuvenation

Skin tightening that occurs when collagen is stimulated due to heating of the tissues from radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic energy. Usually a solution is applied to the skin and a probe passes over the surface, gently heating the tissues to the desired temperature. External RF is a non-invasive treatment. A number of treatments may be recommended.

Radiofrequency external skin tightening

Skin tightening that occurs when the undersurface of skin is heated to a certain temperature using probes that emit radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic energy.  This treatment is usually performed using anaesthesia, allowing a small incision so the internal probe can be passed into the layers beneath the skin.  The internal probes heat and stimulate collagen, resulting in a tightening effect over time.

Radiofrequency internal skin tightening

Also known as abdominoplasty, a tummy tuck is a surgical method to flatten the tummy and reduce loose skin by tightening tummy muscles and trimming away excess skin and fat in the lower abdomen. The incision and scar usually runs from one hip to the other hip, allowing the overhang or sagging skin to be removed. Usually the surgery is performed under general anaesthesia. You may have drains after surgery and a compression garment to wear for a few weeks.

Tummy tuck

Removing excess skin and fat in the lower tummy and using an incision that is shorter than a traditional tummy tuck or abdominoplasty. The scar after a mini tummy tuck does not run all the way from one hip to the other.  The tummy muscles may or may not be tightened during a mini tummy tuck.  You may have drains after surgery and a compression garment to wear for a few weeks.

Mini tummy tuck

Increasing the size of the breasts with surgery, usually using silicone or saline implants.  Various implant sizes and shapes can be chosen depending on the desired effect.  Common techniques for placing the implants include an incision in or near the breast crease below the breasts, or around the nipples. The procedure is usually performed under general anaesthesia. An assessment before breast augmentation is used to decide which implant should be chosen and where exactly it should be placed.

Breast augmentation

Fat is taken (harvested) from different parts of the body, such as the thighs or tummy, using liposuction and injected into the breast area. Breast fat grafting is used to add volume to the breasts, correct symmetry, or during breast reconstruction. Once fat is collected, it is usually treated to clean and purify it. The fat is prepared in syringes and injected carefully above and below the breast gland using a special technique in order to help the fat cells survive in their new position.

Breast fat grafting

A surgical procedure that improves the appearance of sagging breasts by elevating them to a higher position. Although different techniques exist, a common method involves an incision around the nipple area, downwards, and underneath the breast. Sometimes the incision is restricted to around the nipple in less extensive lifts. A breast lift can be performed as part of breast augmentation or breast reduction. Breast lift surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia.

Breast lift

Surgery to reduce the volume and size of the breasts.  Breast reduction is performed under general anaesthesia and requires incisions and the removal of tissue.  It may be performed for aesthetic or functional reasons.  During breast reduction surgery, a lift is frequently performed, so the volume and position of the breasts improves.  Drains may be placed following breast reduction for a few days.

Breast reduction

The size of the nipples or pink part around the nipples (areolae) is reduced with nippled reduction surgery. A sizer is often used to measure the target circumference of the nipple areola complex (NAC). Then the excess, unwanted areola is removed using an incision. Fine stitches are used to close the skin so the scar heals well and becomes difficult to notice over time.

Nipple reduction

Surgical removal of excess, sagging skin in the upper arm. Usually, an incision is made from the armpit area, along the inside of the arm, to the inner elbow. An arm lift is usually performed under general anaesthesia and requires a compression garment to be worn afterwards for a number of weeks. The scar is placed on the inside of the arm so it is less noticeable. An arm lift is sometimes required if skin tightening treatments or liposuction are not considered appropriate due to excessive skin laxity.

Arm lift / brachiaplasty

Surgery to reduce sagging skin and laxity in the inner thighs. Typically performed under general anaesthesia, a thigh lift provides a definitive tightening in the upper and inner thigh areas, particularly in cases where non-surgical options would not be effective enough. Incisions may be made in the groin area and along the inner thigh. A compression garment may be recommended for a period of time during the recovery.

Thigh lift

Tightening and removing excess skin that occurs in the upper tummy rather than the lower tummy.  Surgery involves making an incision along the upper tummy and under both breasts. The muscles along the tummy may be tightened at the same time. Drains and a compression garment may be used during the recovery after surgery.

Reverse tummy tuck

Surgical reconstruction of the belly button to make it appear more beautiful. It may be performed on its own or as part of a tummy tuck. The position, shape, or depth of the belly button may be modified during an umbilicoplasty.

Umbilicoplasty

Surgery to remove a previously placed implant, such as a silicone implant.  This may occur in order to change the size, or simply to remove the implant out of choice or for medical reasons. An implant may be removed if there is an infection, it is not in the correct position, or if an abnormally thickened capsule forms around the implant causing hardening, distortion or pain.

Implant removal

Surgically improving the appearance of a pre-existing scar using various techniques. The existing scar is often removed using a separate, new incision. The edges of the new wound are brought together in a way that reduces tension on the healing incision, so that the scar becomes less obvious.

Scar revision

Increasing the volume and enhancing the shape and contours of the buttocks using your own fat. Fat is collected (harvested) using liposuction from areas such as the tummy, back, or thighs. The fat is usually prepared in order to purify or clean it, before injecting it carefully into the buttock area using special techniques and instruments called cannulas.

Buttock fat grafting

Using lasers designed to specifically target the pigment in hair so that the hair follicle is destroyed selectively. Laser hair removal is most effective on dark hair, particularly when the skin is fair. Darker skin types can also be treated effectively using lasers with a long pulse width. Typically, several treatments are required for permanent hair reduction. Lasers for hair removal vary in their wavelength, power, and methods for cooling the skin during treatment.

Laser hair removal

Agents such as creams, lotions, serums and ointments that contain active ingredients designed to help improve the skin or lesions on the skin.  Cosmeceuticals include vitamins, anti-oxidants, acids and retinoids that have several benefits for skin.  Many of them are home use agents, applied according to specific protocols and they exhibit their beneficial effects over time.

Cosmeceuticals and topicals

A powerful light source consisting of a range of light wavelengths depending on the chosen targets.  Intense pulsed light (IPL) devices can be used for hair removal, skin rejuvenation, and the treatment of rosacea, acne, and pigmentation.  Usually a gel is applied and the IPL device is applied to the skin.  The flashes of light target the top layer of skin whilst the skin is simultaneously cooled for protection.

Intense pulsed light (IPL)

A treatment that improves the skin’s condition using gentle techniques such as massage, exfoliation, the application of topicals, and masks. Numerous types of facials are available to improve hydration, smoothness, and radiance. Some devices are used in addition to manual techniques during skin facials, with tips that provide suction, peeling, and moisturising. There is usually little or no downtime after skin facials.

Skin facial

The peeling away of the outer layer of dead skin cells on the skin’s outermost layer. Most microdermabrasion devices use tiny particles, diamond-tipped grits, or patented tips to gently blast or scrape away the epidermal cells. Microdermabrasion is designed to give an instant smoothing effect, although a course of several treatments is often recommended to give better results over time. The skin may be pink after treatment but this usually resolves quickly.

Microdermabrasion

A material placed over the teeth to improve their appearance. A veneer is usually made of either a composite material or porcelain. A composite veneer may be placed in one visit at a dentist’s office whereas a porcelain veneer usually is fabricated in a dental laboratory and later fitted to the tooth.

Veneers

Surgically placed screws, usually made of titanium or ceramic, that are inserted into the bone so that crowns or dentures can be attached.

Dental implants

A bleaching gel such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide is used to lift stains from teeth.  First, a mould  is used to prepare whitening trays that fit snugly over the teeth.  The bleaching gel is placed within the trays so the whitening can occur over a period of time, such as a few hours per day.  Treatment may continue every day until the teeth reach the desired shade of whiteness.

Teeth whitening without laser

After cleaning, whitening gel is applied to the teeth and a laser or light is applied over the gel to accelerate the bleaching process.  The gums are protected during the treatment to reduce sensitivity. Laser teeth whitening may require follow up or home treatments to maintain the effect.

Teeth whitening with laser

The outer layer of skin is removed by sanding it down using a rotating rough tip on a powered device called a dermabrader.  This is performed under general or local anaesthesia. Dermabrasion improves skin texture, wrinkles and scars by removing the top layers. There is redness and swelling after the treatment for a period of time.

Dermabrasion

Several small injections are made into the middle layer of skin in order to deliver agents such as vitamins, antioxidants, hydrating or other substances.  Mesotherapy is used in aesthetics to hydrate skin, improve radiance, or stimulate cells in hair follicles and fibroblasts to help improve collagen production.  Topical numbing may be applied and the substance is injected either manually or using a special injecting device called a mesogun.

Mesotherapy

Hyaluronic acid gel fillers can be removed by injecting an enzyme called hyaluronidase into the filler or area. To remove permanent fillers, it may be necessary to use surgical methods. Fillers may need to be removed if they are causing lumps, asymmetry, reactions, or more serious complications like blocking blood vessels causing damage to tissues.

Remove filler

Electromagnetic energy in the radiofrequency range that comprise smaller frequencies than other radio waves. The energy delivered by microwave energy devices can penetrate the skin and generate heat in a relatively localised area. Clinically, this has been used to target sweat glands safely. Skin cooling in these devices protects excessive energy delivery to the skin and helps avoid complications.

Microwave energy

The use of surgical methods to improve a defect, asymmetry, or unwanted physical feature.  Surgical correction may require anaesthesia, either local or general.  Incisions and scars may be required, and various techniques depending on the ultimate goal.  Surgical measures tend to be invasive compare to non-surgical methods, and therefore require downtime or a certain recovery period.

Surgical correction

Surgical remodelling of the soft tissues or cartilage of the ear to improve shape, symmetry, or projection.  Various otoplasty techniques have been described to treat congenital conditions, or changes that have occurred over time or with trauma.  A head bandage is usually required after otoplasty surgery.

Ear surgery/otoplasty

Orally administered drugs to improve a condition, improve health or enhance wellbeing. Medications often play a complementary role in aesthetic procedures and skin therapies. They may also be recommended for the treatment or prevention of infections.

Medications

Braces are small mechanical devices made of metal, ceramic or plastic, used in orthodontics to straighten teeth. Braces are positioned, adjusted and tightened over time in order to move the teeth. They are used to improve the appearance and function of teeth when there are crooked teeth, gaps, or problems with the bite such as overbite or underbite.

Braces

Crowns are coverings, usually made of ceramic or alloy, used to cap or cover teeth than have been damaged or require restoration.  The tooth is first reduced to allow the crown to be attached using cement.  Bridges consist of more than one crown fused together and may be used to replace a missing tooth or teeth by using existing teeth as anchors.

Crowns and bridges

Clear aligners are plastic, removable devices designed to straighten teeth. A mould of the teeth is taken to create the aligner, and computer modelling is used to design subsequent moulds that place pressure on the teeth so that over time the teeth move to the desired, straightened position. Several different aligners are placed every couple of weeks for several months until the final position is reached.

Clear aligners

Surgery designed to flatten and improve the contours of the male chest due to excessive tissue. There may be excessive gland and fat beneath the skin. The gland can be removed surgically through an incision around the nipples. Since gynaecomastia is often a mixed picture of fat and gland, liposuction is frequently performed to improve results. Gynaecomastia surgery can be performed under local or general anaesthesia. A compression garment is applied after the procedure.

Gynaecomastia surgery

A dental filling refers to the filling of a tooth after decay or accidental chipping with a special material. Amalgam has been used for many years and consists of a compound with silver, zinc, tin, copper and mercury. Composite fillings are white or tooth coloured and are more frequently used these days.